Fireproof building



Jan. 5, 1937. w. M. GoLDsMlTH FIREPROOF BUILDING Filed Nov. 1, 1955` 5sheets-sheet 2 Jan. 5,- 1693-7.

W. M. GOLDSMITH FIREPROOF BUILDING Filed NOV'. l, 1955 5 ShetS--Sheet 5`W. M. GOLDSMITH FIREPROOF BUILDING Filed No'v. 1, 1953 Jani. 5, 1937.

W. M. GOLDSMITH FIREPROOF BUILDING Jan. 5, 1937.

Filed Nov. l, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 hh Sn mlm.

Patented Jan. 5, 1937 UNITED STATES ArENT OFFICE 24 Claims.

This invention relates to a method and means for constructing re-proofbuildings.

An object of the invention is to decrease the cost of labor andmaterials necessary for the construction of fire-proof and/orincombustible buildings.

Another object of the invention is to provide for the construction oflire-proof buildings by means of standardized units or sections whichconveniently are built or assembled at the factory and thereaftertransported to the job for erection with the use of concrete or thelike.

A further object is the provision of different but cooperative buildingunits which are made similar in certain vital respects, so that any ofthem may, with equal facility, be associated with any of the others toaccomplish the construction of a building having predeterminedcharacteristics. v

Another object of the invention is to provide a method and means forconstructing the major portion of a building by means of concrete andfactory-built units or wall sections.

Another object of the invention is to provide structural units orsections for the aforesaid purpose, in which provision is made for readyand easy installation of concealed plumbing, heating,

Ventilating, and other service equipment.

Another object o-f the invention is to provide, if desired, forconvenient application of insulating means to the sections or units, atthe factory prior to erection of a building.

The foregoing and other objects are attained by the means describedherein and disclosed in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a fragmental perspective view of a building construction inaccordance with the invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmental cross-sectional View taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmental cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. l,showing the corner construction.

Fig. 4 is a. view in elevation, of a plain wall section or buildingunit, forming a detail of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the section or unit of Fig. 4. l

Fig. 6 is a top view of the Fig. 4 member.

Fig. 7 is a bottom view of the Fig. 4 member.

Fig. 8 is a fragmental plan view of one type of metal lath that may beused in making the sections or units.

Fig. 9 is a view in elevation, of a unit or wall section similar to thatof Fig. 4 but having a window therein.

Fig. 10 is a side View of the Fig. 9 unit or section.

Fig. 11 is a top view of the Fig. 9 unit or section.

Fig. 12 is a bottom View of the Fig. 9 unit or section.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a modified form of unit or section,

Fig. 14 is -a fragmental perspective view, partly in cross section,showing one satisfactory mode of erecting a building with the use of thefactory-built units or sections of my invention.

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken on line I5-I5 of Fig. 14, thesho-ring and other formwork being removed.

One of the objects of the present invention is the economicalconstruction of a nre-proof building, using structural units or sectionsbuilt at the factory and easily set up in connection with suitableform-Work on the job. An ordinary type of building such as isillustrated in the drawings, can be constructed with the use of but fourdiierent types of sections or units, these being indicated by thecharacters A, B, C and D. The characters A, B, C and D indicate,respectively, a plain or intermediate section or unit, a window sectionor unit, a corner section or unit, and a door section or unit. Othertypes of sections or units obviously may be provided, when necessary, toeifect the construction of different types of buildings than thatillustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Although each of the various sections or units A, B, C and D present adiiferent appearance, they will be found to have certain characteristicswhich are common to all of them. For example, all of the units orsections preferably are of the same size, and each is provided with apair of identical opposed angular side pieces 20 thatv cooperateinterchangeably to provide three walls of a column form adapted to belled with concrete or thelike. 'Ihe fourth wall of each column form isprovided by the temporary vertical slabor plank 53, (Fig. 14), which isplaced in posi- 4- tion when the units are located or positioned,however, that portion of the description which relates to erection ofthe building will logically follow the detailed description of the unitsor sections. o

Section or unit A will first be described, with reference to Figs. 4 to8 inclusive. The side pieces or runners 29 each comprise a sheet orstrip of metal that has one of its longitudinal edges 22 bent twice atright angles to provide a front face 23 and a rearwardly directed flange24, which latter is spaced from the side wall a distance approximatinghalfthe width of a concrete column to be formed adjacent to the sectionor unit. The other longitudinal edge 25 of the runner or side piece isbent at a right angle to provide a rear flange 26, and this flangepreferably is extended inwardly of the section or unit. The purpose ofthe pairs of flanges having faces 23 and 26 is to provide means ontowhich may be secured the substantially flat sheets 21 and 28 of metallath or other rigid material. The sheets may be welded, wired, bolted orotherwise secured to the faces of the flanges, thereby rendering thesheets instrumental in maintaining the side piece or runners in spacedparallelism. Although any suitable character of sheeting may beemployed, it is desirable to utilize a strong ribbed lath sheet such asis shown in Fig, 3, so that. no expensive interior bracing of the sidepieces will be required. The lath sheet of Fig. 8 may be formed with aseries of perforations the edges of which are surrounded by flanges 29formed from the metal, which is struck up around the perforations toprovide truncated pyramidal formations which extend from the plane ofthe sheet. At intervals reinforcing ribs 89 may be formed in or attachedto the lath. The particular form of metal lath just described is foundsuitable for use in constructing the units or sections, but it is to beunderstood that any other type of metal lath sheets, plasterboard andthe like are suitable for constructing the units. As stated before, astrong or rigid metal lath sheet is preferable, although with properbracing of the side pieces a less substantial sheetingmay be employed.

At the top end of the unit there is xed a trans- Versecross member 30 ofsubstantial inverted U or channel shape. Member 30 is connected to theupper ends of the side pieces. Member 30 may advantageously be providedwith front and rear flanges 3l and 32, respectively, the front flangeserving as a support for the sheeting 21 and the rear flange serving asa support for a panel or imperforate sheet 33 that may be used in sometypes of construction and whose width approximates the depth of thejoist to be employed in the building structure. The imperforate sheets33 are provided to prevent seepage of the plastic cementitious massinteriorly of the units such as A, B, C and D, at those places where thecombined floor and ceiling slabs and joists are formed adjacent theupper parts of such units. This` is shown in Fig. 15. It is notabsolutely necessary that imperforate sheets or plates 33 be used,because in some instances the apertures in the sheeting such as 28, maysubstantially exclude the plastic mass. At places horizontally alignedwith the plates 33 and between adjacent plates 33,the cementitiousmaterial of the floor rib 49 will merge with and may be integral withvarious of the columns 6i. This is shown in Fig, 14. This is explainedin detail in a subsequent part of the specification.

The space between the flanges 3| and 32 provides a pocket or channel 31(Fig. 15) upon which may be placed a cushion or sill 38 of concretewhich may support a superposed section or unit in the mannerillustrated. The panel 32 may be the flanges of the side pieces and tothe outer face of flange 32. Intermediate the lower edge 34 of the panel33 and the bottom of the section or unit, there are secured thefastening or nailing strips 35 (Fig. 7), which extend outwardly an inchor more from the sheeting 28, and these may be welded, bolted, orotherwise fixedly secured to the side pieces. The fastening or nailingstrips are used in holding the planks 53, as will be explainedhereinafter.

The character 36 indicates (Fig. 4) a quantity of insulating substanceapplied between the inner faces of the sheetings 21 and 28. Theinsulating substance may be applied at the factory with greatconvenience, however, such substance can be omitted if desired. It maybe in sheet, mineral wool, comminuted or other form.

Attention is directed to the fact that the window section or unit B andalso the door section or unit D, are identical with and carry the samestructural elements as the intermediate or plain section or unit A. Thisfact is emphasized by the placing of the same reference numerals oncorresponding parts of the units A, B, and D. Section or unit C (Fig.3), which is a corner unit, has one ofthe side pieces 2U with itscharacteristic anges 23, 24 and 25 in identically the same relationshipto the side piece 29 as in units A, B, and D. The other side'piece 39 ofthe corner unit has a flange 40 in the plane of the outer face of theunit, onto which flange the outside sheeting 4l is welded or otherwisesecured; and the said sheeting is turned at an angle, as at 42, andextended transversely to the'plane of the unit, to a location at whichit is xed onto a. laterally offset flange 43 which corresponds to the.flanges 23 of the other units. Flange 43 has an inwardlydirected'column-engaging flange 44 which corresponds to and coacts witha similar or co-operative abutting ilange 24 of one of the other units,as illustrated in Fig. 3. The flanges 24 and 44, together with theadjacent flanges 23 and 43, may properly be referred to as columndetermining means, for the reason that the dimensions thereof determinethe width of the columns. For example, wider or more extensive flangessuch as 23 and 43 would result in the formation of a wider column,

and vice versa. It is considered desirable to make the flanges 23 and 43of the same width and length on all units, so that the corresponding orco-operative flanges of any of the units, when placed, will result inthe formation of a standard size of column. Thus, it is possible tosecure uniformity of construction regardless of which type of unit orsection is placed adjacent to any other one of the units or sections.The inside sheeting 45 of unit C is welded or otherwise suitably securedto the flange 25 of the unit and to co-planar turned portion 46 of themembers 39. It will be observed that the corner of the building, (Fig.3), is formed of sheeting which is stuccoed or otherwise covered as at41, the concrete column 48 being offset from the corner a distanceapproximately the thickness of a unit. The offset column thereby iscaused to support a concrete joist 49 which is disposed entirely with inthe building walls. This will be more fully explained hereinafter.

Fig. 3, which is a section through a finished building, shows theexterior coating 41 of stucco or other suitable facing substance appliedto the outer sheeting. The inner sheeting is plastered, wallboarded, orotherwise covered, as indicated at 50, (Figs. 2 and 3). The nailingstrips or flanges 35 are hammered down or bent over upon the columns, asshown in Figs. 2 and 3, prior to the application of plaster or otherinterior nishing material.

In erecting a building with the use of the interchangeable units orsections of the invention, a suitable foundation wall 5l is iirstprovided. Upon the wall are placed a series of the units in verticalposition, with their cooperative anges 24 (or 44) in abutment asindicated in Fig. 3, so as to form one or more walls of the building. Aswill be readily understood, the walls may be constituted of differentsections or units such as A, B and D, the corners of the building beingeach provided with a unit or section such as C. The manner of placingthe various sections is clearly disclosed in Figs. 2 and 3.

The sections are held in position by bclting, clamping, or otherwsiesecuring the iianges 24 and/or 44 together as at 52, and then applyingthe planks or form-work disclosed in Fig. 14. AS is evident from thedisclosure of Fig. 14, adjacent units or sections are secured togetheralso by nailing their securing flanges 35 onto a vertical timber orboard 53 tted therebetween. The inner face 54 of each vertical boardpreferably is disposed in the plane of the sheeting 28, and each boardmay be reinforced by means of a vertical brace 55 secured thereto. Thesebraces and others indicated at 55, may also serve as shoring and supportthe soflits 5'! upon which are placed suitable tiles or pans 53 andassociated lath sections 59 that, in a known manner, provide thenecessary structure for forming a concrete oor and a ceiling beneath it.The shoring may rest upon the earth or upon a floor Sil. The reader isreferred to the patent of Max S. Goldsmith No. 1,168,627 for a detailedexplanation of one known method of placing the tile and lath structure58-59, however, it is to be understood that any other satisfactorysecond floor and ceiling construction may be employed.

After erection of the boards 53 and the ceiling form-work, concrete maybe poured down between the units or sections to provide the columns 6|,and these as well as all other concrete portions, including the floorand joists or beams, may be reinforced with metal in accordance with .vwell known principles of concrete construction work.

As is most clearly illustrated in Fig. 15, the upper floors of thebuilding are formed by sim- 'oly repeating the erection of sections orunits and the necessary formwork, upon the floor t2 and the subjacentsections or units. The concrete sill or cushion 38 is not essential, butwhere used it may be integral with the concrete floor 52. and suitabletubing or the like 53 may be associated with openings in the top membersor channels 3!) to permit installation of pipes or ducts for water,heating, or Ventilating. and for the passage of electricity conductors.It is to be observed that the joist 49, by reason of its offsetdisposition interiorly of the units or sections. cannot interfere withthe passage of pipes and ducts straight up through the units orsections. The offset corner column 1B of Fig. 3 supports and isconnected with the joist 49, in alignment therewith. The offsetrelationship of the corner corner portions of the corner sections at 42,but such additional corner reinforceemnt is not ordinarily necessary.

Attention is directed to Fig. 15 wherein is shown the imperforatetransverse panel 33, previously referred to in connection with Figs. 4and 5, performing the function of precluding entry of concrete into theinterior of unit or section A. As Was explained previously, the Width orheight of each panel 33 approximates the depth of the joist. In theVdisclosure of Fig. 15 the panels 33 of adjacent units or sectionsparallel the tile sides, whereas at the far end wall of the building thepanels 33 of the units would of course extend transversely of the tilesand would therefore serve as end closures for the tiles. The width ofthe tiles is such that a joist Will be formed between the tiles and inalignment with columns at opposite ends of the building or spans. Thelive loads and dead weight of the interior and exterior structure of thebuilding is carried entirely by the joists and columns, therebyrelieving the wall sections or units` A, B, C and D, of practically allstrain and stress. The various units provide a skeleton frame or moldfor the load carrying columns. The co1- umns in turn bind the unitstogether, which thereby provides a substantial. and rigid buildingstructure.

Instead of forming the columns and joists of reinforced concrete, steelcolumns and joists may be substituted. In such modified structure theunits or sections would be welded, bolted or otherwise fixed to thecolumns, but the cooperative relationship of the parts would be the sameas disclosed herein, affording the same ad.

vantages as to economy, simplicity, fire-resistance, and saving of laborand time. Concrete can be molded about the metal columns and joists, ifdesired.

Fig. 13 discloses a skeleton type of unit or sect-ion which is the sameas unit A except for the omission of sheeting and the substitutiontherefor of a series of spaced metal strips or channels 55 secured toboth the front and rear of the unit transversely thereof. The unitillustrated in Fig. 13 is adapted to be sheeted on the job, duringerection of the walls. It is to be understood that this modied form ofunit shall carry the same type of side pieces and top construction asthe unit A of Figs. 4 to( '7, inclusive. so that it may be used inconjunction with units such as A, B, C, and D, if desired, or with otherunits of the Fig. 13 construction. The various units or wall sectionsare all of a length corresponding substantially to the height of abuilding story.

The herein described method and means of constructing a fire-proofbuilding affords many advantages over the old practice. .For example,much of the construction can be performed in the factory, where alltools and machinery are conveniently arranged, and where much of theconstruction can be accomplished regardless of adverse weatherconditions. The structural materials are inexpensive and may readily bemade into structural units without the employment of skilled labor.Other advantages resulting from the particular form of the units orsections have been set forth throughout the foregoing description.

V/hile the invention as disclosed and described herein, is illustratedby means of sheeting and metal lath and so-called runners that provideunits that are locked together by the concrete columns'formed betweenadjacent units, it is to be understood that the units may be made ofmaterial other than metal. For example, some clays, gypsum and materialsof that character, may be molded into units, that may be hollow and theouter faces of which present flanges that may be brought into abutmentand may be locked together by the concrete, in the same way as are theflanges 24 and 44 secured to similar elements.

Other variations and modifications of materials to be used wouldnecessarily conform with the underlying principles of the invention asherein explained and suggested.

It is to be understood that various modifications and changes instructural details concerning the invention may be made, within thescope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

While, for the purpose of disclosing one form ofA structure embodyingthe invention, units A, B, C and D have been illustrated, it is to beunderstood that units intended to perform the same functions, and ofdifferent structure may be employed. For example, the inner faces and.the lateral faces of the units may be so formed and related thatrecesses may be provided between adjacent pillars, and such recesses maybe used as parts of or be developed into book cases, cupboards, pantriesand the like. Such recesses may be used `to receive and house varioustypes of foldable and collapsible furniture such as tables, benches,ironing boards, beds and the like.

While the terms conicrete, reinforced concrete, and cementitiousmaterial have been used herein in connection with the columns, floor andceiling slabs and ribs and the like, it is to be understood that whenusing those terms, it is intended to include or embrace thereby, variousother moldable plastics that will serve the same function, for example,gypsum and the like. These terms, included in the claims are thereforeto be understood as being terms of general description and not as termsof limitation.

What is claimed is:

l. Means for constructing a building comprisprising a series ofstructural wall sections having substantially the same over-alldimensions, and having interior and exterior faces, and cooperativeidentical side pieces on all of the sections, each side piece comprisinga flange extending substantially parallel to the exterior face of thewall section and outwardly from the section a distance approximatinghalf the width of a concrete column to be poured adjacent to the wallsections, and means for securing the flanges of one wall section tothose of an adjacent section, the flanges and side pieces of adjacentsections providing exterior and side walls for the concrete columns andfastening means extending from the interior face of each section forfixing a plank in position to define an interior wall for such columnthereby to eliminate scaffolding the building exterior.

2. A building comprising walls substantially meeting at an angle, acolumn, and an interior joist, the column being included in one of thewalls but offset relative to the other wall a distance approximating thethickness of said other wall, and the joist being supported upon thecolumn to extend along but outside the limits of said other wall.

3. A fire-proof building comprising hollow metallic walls substantiallymeeting at an angle,

a column and a joist formed substantially of concrete, the column beinga continuation of one of the walls and having approximatelythe sainethickness as said wall of which it forms a continuation, the columnbeing offset relative to the other wall a distance approximating thethickness of said other wall, and the concrete joist being supportedupon the column to extend along but outside the limits of said otheriwall, whereby to permit unobstructed vertical communication between saidother wall and one to be superposed thereon.

4. As a new article of manufacture a wall section for use inconstructing a wall, and comprising in combination a pair of spacedlongitudinal substantially parallel side pieces, said side pieces eachhaving a longitudinal front flange, a longitudinal rear flange, and asubstantially flat intermediate portion, the flanges being bentsubstantially at right angles to the intermediate portion, a sheet ofmetal lath permanently secured along opposite edges thereof to the frontflange of each side piece and a second sheet of metal lath havingopposed side edges thereof fixed to the rear flanges of the pair of sidepieces, whereby to space the side pieces in substantial parallelism, anda substantially imperforate panel fixed transversely of the rear flangesnear the top thereof, and spanning said flanges to provide a barrier forplastic concrete, said panel being of a width approximating the depth ofa predetermined building beam.

5. As a new article of manufacture a wall section for use inconstructing a wall, and comprising in combination a pair of spacedlongitudinal substantially parallel side pieces, said side pieces eachhaving a longitudinal front flange, a longitudinal rear flange, and asubstantially flat intermediate portion, the flanges being bentsubstantially at right angles to the intermediate portion, incombustiblesheeting permanently secured along opposite edges thereof to the frontflange of each side piece and to the rear flanges of the pair of sidepieces, whereby to space the side pieces in substantial parallelism, anda substantially imperforate panel fixed transversely of the rear flangesnear the top thereof, and spanning said flanges to provide a barrier forplastic concrete, said panel being of a width approximating the depth ofa predetermined building beam.

6. As a new article of manufacture a wall section for use inconstructing a building, and comprising in combination a pair of spacedsubstantially parallel side pieces of length approximating the height ofa story, said' side pieces each having a front flange and a rear flangeboth turned at an angle transverse to the mean plane of the side piece,a sheet substantially co-extensive with the length of the side piecesand having its side edges flxed to the front flanges of the pair of sidepieces, whereby to maintain the front flanges in spaced relationship,and a second sheet having side edges thereof fixed to the rear flangesof the pair of side pieces, whereby to provide a hollow wall section.

'7. As a new article of manufacture a wall section for use inconstructing a building, and comprising in combination a pair of spacedsubstantially parallel side pieces of length approximating the height ofa story, said side pieces each having a front flange and a rear flangeturned at an angle to the mean plane of the side piece, a sheet of metallath substantially co-extensive with the length of the side pieces andhaving its side edges fixed at intervals to the front flanges of thepair of side pieces, whereby to maintain the front flanges in spacedrelationship, a second sheet of metal lath having side edges thereoffixed to the rear flanges of the pair of side pieces, whereby topro-vide a hollow wall section, and a substantially imperforate panel ofa width approximating the depth of a building joist, securedtransversely of the wall section in the plane of the rear flanges.

8. As a new article of manufacture a wall seotion for use inconstructing a wall, and cornprising in combination a pair of spacedlongitudinal side pieces said side pieces each having a longitudinalfront flange, a rearwardly disposed face, and a substantially flatintermediate portion, a sheet of metal lath secured along opposite edgesthereof to the front flange of each side piece to maintain the sidepieces in substantially parallel spaced relationship, and a second sheetof material having opposed side edges thereof fixed to the rearwardlydisposed faces of the side pieces, the front flanges being of a widthapproximating half the width of a concrete column to be formed betweenadjacent wall sections placed side by side, in a plane, with their frontflanges substantially in contacting relationship.

9. As a new article of manufacture a wall section for use inconstructing a wall, and comprising in combination a pair ofspacedlongitudinal side pieces, said side pieces each having alongitudinal front flange, a rearwardly disposed face, and asubstantially flat intermediate portion, a sheet of metal lath securedalong opposite edges thereof to the front flange of each side piece tomaintain the side pieces in substantially' parallel spaced relationship,and a second sheet of material having opposed side edges thereof fixedto the rearwardly disposed faces of the side pieces, the front flangesbeing of a width approximating half the width of a concrete column to beformed between adjacent wall sections placed side by side, in a plane,with their front flanges substantially in contacting relationship, and arearwardly directed iiange extending from the front flange of each sidepiece, substantially at right angles, to provide abutments whichdetermine the distance between the intermediate portions of the sidepieces of wall sections placed side by side in a common plane.

10. As a new article of manufacture, a wall section for use inconstructing a corner of a building, said section comprising a hollowsubstantially rectangular frame having front and rear faces, and aflange extending from one corner of the frame transversely of the planeof one face and beyond the limits of said plane, to form part of aconcrete column.

11. As a new article of manufacture, a wall section for use inconstructing a corner of a building, said section comprising a hollowsubstantially rectangular frame having four longitudinal edges, andflanges at two diagonally located edges, and extending longitudinally ofsaid edges, to be embedded in concrete columns formed adjacent to thelongitudinal edges of the wall section, one of said flanges being atright angles to the mean plane of the frame, and a turned portion on thelast mentioned one flange, bent substantially to parallelism with theplane of the frame.

12. A building comprising a series of vertically disposed pre-formedunits provided along their lateral edges with complementarycolumn-forming means and with means for locking the units together witha plastic mass, means formed between adjacent units to form rows ofcolumns, some of the columns being load-bearing columns and others beingmerely unit supports, the loadbearing columns being disposed in rowsspaced apart, and beams spanning only the load-bearing columns from onerow thereof to another.

13. A building comprising a series of vertically disposed pre-formedunits, and means along the side edges of each unit to provide only threesides of a series of forms for relatively small and closely spacedconcrete columns no thicker than the thickness of the units, the columnsbeing arranged in rows determined by the location oi' the units, andconcrete beams extending only in one direction across the building andspanning opposite rows of columns to provide a sole supporting means fora floor.

14. In a building construction, the combination of opposed rows ofrelatively small and closely spaced concrete columns arranged in pairs,beams integral with and connecting opposed individual columns which formthe pairs of columns, the number of beams being equal to the number ofpairs of columns, and means supported in the spaces between adjacentcolumns to form the walls of the building.

15. Means for constructing a building without the use of exteriorscaffolding, comprising the combination of a foundation, structuralmeans comprising wall sections of a length approximating the height of astory superposed upon the foundation, and providing only a partial formof the same length for upright poured columns, so that part of the formis open toward the interior of the building, a combined ceiling shoreand closure member mounted for closing the interiorly disposed openportion of the form, and means associated with said member for bracingother structural elements interiorly of the building.

16. A building in the course of construction, which comprises incombination, a foundation, opposed spaced rows of structural meanscornprising wall sections of a length approximating the height of astory superposed upon the foundation to define opposed walls of thebuilding, permanent column forms on said structural means, andcoextensive in length therewith, to define all but the inner sides ofcolumns to be poured within the forms, a temporary closure member forthe open inner side of each form, and temporary ceiling forming meanscomprising soflits extending from the temporary closure members of onerow of column forms, to those of the opposite row.

17. A building in the course of construction, which comprises incombination, a foundation, opposed spaced rows of structural meanssuperposed upon the foundation to denne opposed walls of the building,permanent column forms on said structural means to define all but theinner sides of columns to be poured within the -forms, a temporaryclosure member for the open inner side of each form, and temporaryceiling forming means comprising softs extending from the temporaryclosure members of one row of column forms, to those of the oppositerow, with the interiors of the column forms in communication with theinterior of the ceiling forming means.

18. As a new article of manufacture, a wall section unit for use inconstructing a building, and comprising a pair of spaced substantiallyparallel side pieces of a length approximating the height of a story andof a width approximating the thickness of the building wall, said unithaving an outer face and an inner face to be disposed, respectively, tothe outside and to the inside of a building, extending iianges on theunit disposed lengthwise of the side pieces, but along only that face ofthe unit which is to be disposed to the outside of the building, so thatthe side pieces and the iianges of any two units placed side by side ina plane with their flanges substantially abutting will furnish but threeWalls of a form for a column to be poured between any two units soplaced.

19. As a new article of manufacture, a wall section unit for use inconstructing a building, and comprising a pair of spaced substantiallyparallel side pieces of a length approximating the height of a story andof a width approximating the thickness of the building wall, said unithaving an outer face and an inner face to be disposed, respectively, tothe outside and to the inside of a building, extending flanges on theunit disposed lengthwise of the side pieces, but along only that face ofthe unit which is to be disposed to the outside of the building, so thatthe side pieces and the flanges of any two units placed side by side ina plane with their flanges substantially abutting will furnish but threeWalls of a form for a column to be poured between any two units soplaced, and means along a side piece of the unit, in the region of thesaid inner face of the unit, for attachment of a separate element toprovide a fourth wall of the column form, when two units are placed asstated.

20. As a new article of manufacture, a wall section unit for use inconstructing a building, and comprising a pair of spaced substantiallyparallel side pieces of a length approximating the height of a story andof a width approximating the thickness of the building wall, said unithaving an outer face and an inner face to be disposed, respectively, tothe outside and to the inside of a building, extending iianges on theunit disposed lengthwise of the side pieces, but along only that face ofthe unit which is to be disposed to the outside of the building, so thatthe side pieces and the flanges of any two units placed side by side ina plane with their anges substantially abutting will furnish but threewalls of a form for a column to be poured between any two units soplaced, the flanges each being of a width approximating half the widthof a column to be poured as stated.

21. A concrete building comprising two opposed rows of spaced concretecolumns, with an lequal number of columns in said rows so as to providepairs of opposed columns, integral beams connecting each pair of opposedcolumns, and a third row of spaced concrete columns disposed in a planetransverse to the plane of one of the first mentioned rows, theindividual columns of the third mentioned row being integral with, butto one side of, the beam which spans two endmost columns of the firstmentioned opposed rows of columns.

22. A concrete building comprising two opposed rows of spaced concretecolumns, with an equal number of columns in said rows so as to providepairs of opposed columns, integral beams connecting each pair of opposedcolumns, and a third row of spaced concrete columns disposed in a planetransverse to the plane of one of the iirst mentioned rows, theindividual columns of the third mentioned row being integral with, butto one side of, the beam which spans two endmost columns of the firstmentioned opposed rows of columns, and a top slab connecting all thebeams and columns in a monolithic structure.

23, A concrete building in the course of construction", comprising twoopposed rows of spaced concrete columns, the columns being arranged inpairs, one column of each pair being in one row,

and the other column of each pair being in the other row, integral beamsconnecting each pair of opposed columns, so that said beams are equal innumber to the number of pairs of columns, the spacing between adjacentbeams and the spacing between adjacent columns being determined by thewidth of a single beam and ceiling forming tile, and a ceiling slabconnecting all of the beams and columns in a monolithic structure.

24. A concrete building in the course of construction, comprising twoopposed rows of spaced concrete columns, the columns being arranged inpairs, one column of each pair being in one row, and the other column ofeach pair being in the other row, integral concrete beams connectingeach pair of opposed columns so that said beams are equal in number tothe number of pairs of columns, the spacing between adjacent columns andthe spacing between adjacent beams being substantially equal, and aconcrete ceiling slab connecting all of the beams and columns in amonolithic structure.

WILLIAM M. GOLDSMITH.

